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The Secret Computer Virus That Is Virtually Undetectable.
By Robert Ing, DSc, FAPSc, CPO, Wed Dec 7th

Introduction

For the most part, computer viruses and Trojans arecharacterized by obvious computer malfunctions from blatantgraphical on-screen representations to the computerautomatically accessing the Internet, printing documents orswitching on its video camera without user interaction. Mostvirus utility software detects and quarantines approximately 90%of those currently in distribution. As for Trojans (rogueprograms that allow an unknown third party to access and controlyour computer), commercial virus utility software detects andquarantines approximately 60% of these, while a dedicated Trojanutility software fares better at approximately 98%.

Although these performance figures may offer a guarded level ofcomfort, there is a threat that even the most robust andefficient virus or Trojan utility commercially available todaycannot protect you from. That threat is known as an instructivecode Trojan, or as those in the cracker underworld call it, a"backstop".


The instructive code Trojan defies detection because unlike mostviruses and Trojans out there, each instructive code Trojan todate has been specifically written for its victim and thetargeted information it must access. While over 90% of virusesand Trojans are variations or replications of others beforethem, backstops are unique. Backstops or instructive codeTrojans are created to obtain specific files from a targetedcomputer or network without detection. While it is improbablethat the average computer user will encounter a backstop, thethreat is very real to governments and corporate entities thatroutinely use or create any form of proprietary, financial orcompetitive data.

How it works

The instructive code searches for specific keywords or phrases.

It is delivered to its target as a hidden file attachmentpiggybacked to an expected attachment, embedded in the body ofan e-mail, automatically loaded from a webpage the target isknown to frequent, or via external media such as a floppy diskor CD. In one case, the instructive code was delivered on amusic CD to an employee known to play music on her laptop. Onceshe connected her laptop to the network, the instructive codetransferred itself to its target. Once on the target system, thecode resides in a hidden file that cannot be viewed on thesystem under regular default settings. The code then searchesall files and folders for occurrences of the specific keywordsor phrases programmed into it. When matches are found, copies ofthe data are made, compressed, encrypted and made into a hiddenarchive file. After a predetermined time, the code automaticallye-mails the entire file during a routine e-mail

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sessioninitiated by the target user. Once sent, the code deletes thehidden archive and invokes a self-delete procedure to removeitself, leaving all other files and programs intact. Thus, thereis virtually no trace that the instructive code existed on thetarget system.

Users

In an age where information is a prized commodity, instructivecode Trojans are the new digital tool of high level corporateespionage. From R&D data, confidential financial records toother information not meant for a wide audience, the backstopoffers a potential key to gain access.

Protection

While there is no direct way to thwart a backstop being placedon your computer or network, there are measures you can take tomanage the risk. Your first line of defense is a robust firewallthat is properly configured to your system. Proper configurationis by no means the factory or default settings of your firewallproduct. Nor is it configuring your firewall once oninstallation and forgetting about it. The configuration of yourfirewall has to be reviewed every time hardware and software areupgraded, replaced or added.

Another security measure is to deploy utility software thatmonitors and sounds an alarm when any changes to operatingsystem registry and configuration files are executed. Inaddition, audit trail and network management logging utilitiesshould be configured to track and alert system operatorswhenever files of a specific size are deleted. Windows usersshould ensure that hidden files can be viewed by enabling the“Show All Files” option in the View>Folder Options menu.Information that is of the utmost secrecy or value should neverreside on a system connected permanently or even temporarily tothe outside world.

Due to the very nature and purpose of instructive code Trojans,it is unlikely that accurate victim statistics will trulyreflect the real financial impact the backstop will have in thecorporate sector, or on national and international security. Aswith any act of espionage, an average of only 3% globally everget reported for fear of repercussions of corporatenon-competence and weakened government diplomatic relations.

Copyright © 2005-2006 Dr. Robert Ing, www.drroberting.com

Permission is granted to publish this article electronically orin print, free of charge, as long as the article appears in itsentirety, full credit is given to the author and a link orreference to the author's webpage www.drroberting.com isprovided.

About the author:Dr. Robert Ing is a intelligence specialist and hasappeared on North American news networks on the issues oftechnology crime, computer security, privacy and identity theft.For more articles by Dr. Robert Ing please visit www.drroberting.com

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